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Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar
جلال الدین محمد اکبر
Badshah of Mughal Empire
Akbar the Great
Emperor Akbar.png
Akbar practising falconry
3rd Mughal emperor
Reign
11 February 1556 – 27 October 1605[1][2]
Coronation
14 February 1556[1]
Predecessor
Humayun
Successor
Jahangir
Regent
Bairam Khan (1556–1560)[3]
Born
Jalal-ud-din Muhammad
15 October 1542[a]
Umerkot, Rajputana (present-day Sindh, Pakistan)
Died
27 October 1605 (aged 63)
Fatehpur Sikri, Agra, Mughal Empire (present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)
Burial
November 1605
Sikandra, Agra
Consort
Ruqaiya Sultan Begum[4][5][6]
Wives
Salima Sultan Begum
Mariam-uz-Zamani
Qasima Banu Begum
Bibi Daulat Shad
Bhakkari Begum
Gauhar-un-Nissa Begum
Issue
Hassan Mirza
Hussain Mirza
Jahangir
Khanum Sultan Begum
Murad Mirza
Daniyal Mirza
Shakr-un-Nissa Begum
Aram Banu Begum
Shams-un-Nissa Begum
Mahi Begum
Full name
Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar[7]
Dynasty
House of Timur
Father
Humayun
Mother
Hamida Banu Begum
Religion
Sunni Islam,[8][9] Din-e-Illahi
Mughal India developed a strong and stable economy, leading to commercial expansion and greater patronage of culture. Akbar himself was a patron of art and culture. He was fond of literature, and created a library of over 24,000 volumes written in Sanskrit, Urdu, Persian, Greek, Latin, Arabic and Kashmiri, staffed by many scholars, translators, artists, calligraphers, scribes, bookbinders and readers. He did much of the cataloging himself through three main groupings.[17] Akbar also established the library of Fatehpur Sikri exclusively for women,[18] and he decreed that schools for the education of both Muslims and Hindus should be established throughout the realm. He also encouraged bookbinding to become a high art.[17] Holy men of many faiths, poets, architects, and artisans adorned his court from all over the world for study and discussion. Akbar's courts at Delhi, Agra, and Fatehpur Sikri became centres of the arts, letters, and learning. Perso-Islamic culture began to merge and blend with indigenous Indian elements, and a distinct Indo-Persian culture emerged characterized by Mughal style arts, painting, and architecture. Disillusioned with orthodox Islam and perhaps hoping to bring about religious unity within his empire, Akbar promulgated Din-i-Ilahi, a syncretic creed derived mainly from Islam and Hinduism as well as some parts of Zoroastrianism and Christianity. A simple, monotheistic cult, tolerant in outlook, it centered on Akbar as a prophet, for which he drew the ire of the ulema and orthodox Muslims. Many of his courtiers followed Din-i-Ilahi as their religion as well, as many believed that Akbar was a prophet. One famous courtier who followed this blended religion was Birbal.[citation needed]
Akbar's reign significantly influenced the course of Indian history. During his rule, the Mughal empire tripled in size and wealth. He created a powerful military system and instituted effective political and social reforms.
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