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a)
It is a simple physical phenomenon called dispersion of light.
So,
what is the dispersion of light?
Splitting of white light into seven constituent colours when passed through the prism. Prism is an optical element which is transparent with flat, polished surfaces that refract light. Change in the direction of propagation of light when passed through a different medium is called refraction of light.
b)
When white light is passed through a glass prism it splits into its spectrum of colours (in order violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red) and this process of white light splitting into its constituent colours is termed as dispersion. The simplest way to explain dispersion is through dispersion in the prism.
c)
As the full spectrum of visible light travels through a prism, the wavelengths separate into the colors of the rainbow because each color is a different wavelength. Violet has the shortest wavelength, at around 380 nanometers, and red has the longest wavelength, at around 700 nanometers.
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