C and Si are always tetravalent but Ge, Sn, Pb show divalency why?
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C and Si are always tetravalent but Ge, Sn, Pb show divalency why?
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C and Si are always tetravalent but Ge, Sn, Pb show divalency why?
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Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Geranium (Ge), Stannum (Sn/Tin), and Plumbum (Pb/Lead) are all elements that belong to the p block of the periodic table. They have an electronic configuration of the elements is ns2np2.
Of the p-block elements, Ge, Sn, and Pb are known to be divalent most of the time, when compared to C and Si, which are tetravalent most of the time.
This is because Ge, Sn, and Pb have an inert pair effect. The inner s electrons have inertness due to the poor shielding capacity of the outer electrons, which brings down the oxidation state of the elements by 2.The valence p-electrons are readily available for bonding while the s-electrons are attached to the nucleus.
Therefore, the elements with large atomic numbers like germanium(Ge) are divalent and C and Si are tetravalent.
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