2.the mechanism of intracellular calcium overload during ischemia-reperfusion injury does not include?
a. cell membrane permeability increased
b. mitochondrial damage
c. Na+/ H+ exchange enhancement
d.Na+/ Ca2+ exchange enhancement
e.Endoplasmic reticulum injury
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Explanation:
Overview of the mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury. The ischemic state induces anaerobic metabolism, leading to a lower level of ATP production and failure of ion-exchange channels. Failure of ion-exchange channels leads to cell swelling and impaired enzymatic activity in the cytoplasm.