Contraceptive methods...marks-6,,long answer type question... needed long and pointwish answer
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Contraceptive methods...marks-6,,long answer type question... needed long and pointwish answer
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1. Natural method
* periodic abstinence:-
avoidance of physical relationship from 10th to 17th day of fertility period during which ovulation take place.
*coitus interruptus :-
withdrawal of penis before ejaculation of sperm in during coitus.
*lactation amenorrhea:-
intense lactation in mother after parturation usually after 6 months in which no menstruation and no ovulation takes place, reason behind this is high level of prolactin inhibits gonadotropine (FSH,LH)
2. Barrier methods:-
*condoms
*diaphragm, cervical caps, vaults
3. chemical methods:-
Chemicals of spermicidal nature are applied to vagina before coitus. these are chemically known as Nanoxynol and are present in the form of tablet ,cream ,gel ,foams....etc
4. IUDs:- intra uterine devices or intra uterine contraceptive devices
these are being attached inside the uterus and effective for one year approx
IUD are of three types
=non medicated - e.g. Lippes loop
= copper releasing - e.g. copper T
= hormone releasing - e.g. progestasert LNG 20
5. oral contracepting pills:-
drugs made up of synthetic progesterone or mixture of both progesterone and oestrogen
these are also of two types
=mini pills
=combined pills
mini pills contain progestin only and combined pills with both progesteron and oestrogen
6. subcutaneous implants:-
6 matchsticks sized capsules in a kitin inserted subcutaneously just below the skin above elbow on the inner surface
they release progesterone in blood which is effective for 5 years maximum
7. hormone injection:-
injection of hormone of synthetic progesterone effective for three months approx
8.surgical methods:-
this is an Irreversible technique of birth control in which surgical ligation of both male and female
= Vasectomy for male - to cut and fold vas deferens
= tubectomy for females also known as tubal ligation - to cut and fold of fallopian tube