D. Long answer questions,
I. Write the history of the development of modes of transport
tape.
2. Describe a correct method of measuring the length and width of a playground using a measuring
3. Can we use an elastic measuring tape for accurate measurement of distances? List some of the difficulties you might face in using such a measuring tape.
4. Describe a method to measure the diameter of a football.
(Hint: Keep the football between two wooden blocks)
5. Describe various types of motions with examples.
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Answer:
1.) Before every other form of transportation, humans traveled on foot. Human beings learned to use animals such as donkeys, horses and camels for transportation from 4000 BC to 3000 BC. In 3500 BC, the wheel was invented in Iraq and the first wheel was made from wood. Initially, a canoe-like structure was used for water transportation, which was built by burning logs and digging out the burned wood. In 3100BC, the sailing boat was invented by Egyptians while the Romans built roads across Europe. During the Industrial Revolution, the first modern highway was developed by John Loudon McAdam. In the 17th and 18th century, many new modes of transportation were invented such as bicycles, trains, motor cars, trucks, airplanes, and trams. In 1906, the first car was developed with an internal combustion engine. The three leading automobile companies in the US in the 1920s were General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford. Furthermore, several styles of automobiles were produced such as the two doors, small, large, sports cars, and luxury cars. Presently, the latest car models have integrated improved standardization, computer aided systems, and platform sharing. The modern railroad system uses remote control for traffic lights and movement of traffic, capable of speeds of more than 570 km/hr.
2.) Length of accessible objects can be measured directly using a metre scale, vernier calipers, micrometer screw gauge, measuring tapes, travelling microscopes etc. Length of non-accessible objects is measured indirectly.
3.) We cannot use an elastic measuring tape to measure distances as it does not have a fixed length. Elastic tape can be stretched and does not show correct readings. The stretched length is not constant and varies with the applied force to stretch the elastic tape. The observed reading while measuring distance between two points with the elastic tape may be greater than the original distance; hence we cannot tell the correct distance measured with the elastic tape. We may obtain two different values of the same distance measured with an elastic tape twice. These are some of the problems we meet while measuring with an elastic tape.
4.) Place the football between two flat blocks such as rigid plastic or wood. Make sure the two blocks are parallel and had enclosed the entire ball . Take a steel tape or a meter stick or ruler. measure the inside distance between the two blocks. This distance is the diameter of the football.
5.) Rectilinear motion- Rectilinear motion is a motion of a particle or object along a straight line. Some examples of rectilinear motion are the movement of a train along a straight railway track, a car's motion along a straight street.
Circular motion- Circular motion is described as a movement of an object while rotating along a circular path. Examples of circular motion include: an artificial satellite orbiting the Earth at a constant height, a ceiling fan's blades rotating around a hub.
Periodic motion- A motion that repeats itself after equal intervals of time is known as periodic motion. Examples of periodic motion are a tuning fork or motion of a pendulum if you analyze the motion you will find that the pendulum passes through the mean position only after a definite interval of time.
Translational motion- Translational motion is the motion by which a body shifts from one point in space to another. One example of translational motion is the the motion of a bullet fired from a gun.
Oscillatory motion- Oscillatory motion is defined as the to and fro motion of an object from its mean position. Examples of oscillatory motion are vibrating strings, swinging of the swing etc.
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