define mendals law of segregation
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Mendel's law of segregation states that the alleles of an individual, separate during the formation of gametes.
Mendel crossed a true breeding tall plant (TT) and true breeding short plant (tt). This cross ( F1 generation) yielded only tall plants having a genotype of Tt. He then self crossed the plants of F1 generation resulting in F2 generation. In the F2generation, both tall and dwarf plants were found in the ratio of 3:1.
Parents:
True breeding tall plant - TT
True breeding small plant - tt
F1 generation - Tt
So, during the gamete formation both the alleles separate resulting in the formation of gametes; T and t.
F1 generation on self crossing will result in F2 generation.
The punnett square of the second generation is as follows:
TT
Tt
Tt
tt
Phenotypic ratio obtained was 3:1::tall:short
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Gregor Mendel is famous for his studies in the field of genetics. He was the first to state the law of segregation. This law states that in a parent with two copies of each gene, either one has an equal chance of being selected at random to be passed on to the child. Many traits are determined by a combination of two alleles into a chromosome. These separate, or segregate, to form gametes. One is taken from the mother, and one is taken from the father. These combine during the formation of a zygote. The most important part of this law is that these are selected at random and have an equal chance of selection. Remember alleles sort independently because the gene itself is located on a specific chromosome