Distinguish between Nyaya Panchayats and Lok Adalats.
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Distinguish between Nyaya Panchayats and Lok Adalats.
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Answer:
A Nyaya Panchayat is a system of dispute resolution at village level in India. Nyaya panchayats can be endowed with functions based on broad principles of natural justice and can tend to remain proceedurally as simple as possible. They can be given civil and minor criminal jurisdiction. There is one Nyaya Panchayat for every three or four villages. Each village Panchayat elects a member to the Nyaya Panchayat. The Nyaya Panchayat is headed by a Sarpanch. It hears minor civil and criminal cases. So basically, Nyaya Panchayat is a system of dispute resolution at village level in India. It can be endowed with functions based on broad principles of natural justice and can tend to remain procedurally as simple as possible. They can be given civil and minor criminal jurisdiction.
Lok Adalat is a system of alternative dispute resolution developed in India. It roughly means "People's court". India has had a long history of resolving disputes through the mediation of village elders. Lok Adalat is a forum where the disputes/cases pending in the court of law or at pre-litigation stage are settled/compromised amicably. The Lok Adalat has been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. Under this Act, an award made by a Lok Adalat is deemed to be a decree of a civil court and is final and binding on all parties and no appeal lies against thereto before any court.
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Answer:
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Explanation:
FIRST,
A Panchayat is a full-fledged court which is established to entertain disputes of both civil and criminal nature. It collects and takes evidence and gives a decision on the case before it where as Lok Adalat is not a full pledged court, rather it is an institution for handling disputes by conciliation. It aims at arriving at a settlement or compromise between the parties.
SECOND,
Panchayat decides the case on merit where as Lok Adalat does not decide the case on merit except PLA.
THIRD,
A Panchayat would be a representative judicial body of all sections of the society within its jurisdictional territory Where as a Lok Adalat is not a representative judicial body or committee. It is organised by appointments by the authorities under Legal Services Authority Act within their respective jurisdiction.
FOURTH,
A Panchayat has no power to summon witnesses to produce documents where as Lok Adalat has been conferred powers for summoning witnesses, discovery and production of documents.
FIFTH,
A Panchayat can conciliate the parties and came to a compromise between them and order accordingly where as A Lok Adalat acts as conciliator only when the parties come mutually to a compromise it shall pass a compromise decree.
Conclusion
In the working of the LSAA, it is clear that the major area of activity has been the organising of lok adalats on a periodical basis. While in many states, the authorities have laid down detailed provisions in the regulations for the holding of lok adalats, some states have seen this as a separate area for rule making. The pattern, however, is largely similar in most states. In many respects, the lok adalats are planned as an activity closely linked to court proceedings. They are held within the Court premises and the ‘benches’ comprise adjudge, a lawyer and a social worker. A reference to the lok adalat can be made by any one of the parties to the litigation. There are no appeals from the decisions of the lok adalat that record a compromise. Lok adalats can dispose of compoundable criminal cases. The term ‘lok‘ adalat is perhaps a misnomer since there is little involvement of the people in the actual decision-making process. This distinguishes lok adalats from the traditional modes of mediation and informal dispute resolution mechanisms. There have Iveu criticisms that the system of lok adalats does not address the concerns of the litigants for getting quality justice as much as it is seen as a device in caseload management by the judiciary. This criticism points out that the reasons offered for persuading the litigant to participate in the lok adaiat delay, prohibitive costs and uncertain result actually acknowledge the failure of the justice delivery system. Secondly, the legal aid institutions and legal aid lawyers are themselves part of the exercise of holding criminal courts inside jail premises. In sittings held periodically as part of the legal aid programme, petty criminal cases involving offences punishable with short sentences of three years and less are sought to be disposed of in bulk. At the hearing, legal aid lawyers appear for the accused but go along with the object of quick disposal of the cases by encouraging guilty pleas.
The prospect of immediate release after being sentenced to the period of detention already undergone, is enough of an incentive to an accused to admit to guilt. The institutions of the LSAA thus help deal with the problem of pendency of criminal cases where the period of detention undergone by the accused without a trial can exceed the maximum sentence that would normally be awarded if the accused was convicted at the end of a trial. This manner of disposal does not answer the demand of the accused for a fair just and reasonable procedure but perhaps answers the need to preserve the legitimacy of the legal system that is beleaguered by lack of infrastructure and resources.
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