E. Answer the following the following questions in 50–70 words.
1. Why was the increase in land tax imposed by Muhammad Bin Tughlaq ill-timed?
2. What steps did Alauddin Khalji take to discourage corruption?
3. Why did the Delhi Sultanate disintegrate after the Tughlaqs?
4. Why was Iltutmish's daughter removed from the throne?
5. Why did Muhammad Bin Tughlaq drop the idea of developing Daulatabad as a second or alternative capital?
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2. Alauddin Khalji fixed the prices of all commodities from grain to cloth, slaves, cattle, etc. A controller of the market called the shahna i-mandi and intelligence officers known as barids were appointed to implement the market control measures. He established granaries in Delhi and Rajasthan to collect grains from the grain merchants.
3. The Delhi Sultanate disintegrated after the Tughlaqs because of the struggle for power among the nobles. Its disintegration was completed by Timur who attacked Delhi and the neighbouring areas in 1398-99.
4. Iltutmish's daughter, Razia, though more able and qualified than all her brothers was removed from the throne because the nobles in her court were uncomfortable at having a lady as their ruler. As a result, differences within the court became the order of the day and Razia was removed from the throne in 1240 CE.
5. Muhammad-Bin-Tughlaq was motivated to transfer the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad because he believed that Daulatabad or Devagiri was more centrally located and was equidistant from Delhi, Gujarat, Malabar and Kampilla. However, he was forced to return to Delhi, because he realised that just as it was difficult to control south India from Delhi, it was equally difficult to control Delhi while sitting in Daulatabad.