Expansion and consolidation of the Mughal Empire under Akbar. point wise.
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Expansion and consolidation of the Mughal Empire under Akbar. point wise.
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Certainly, here is a point-wise explanation of the expansion and consolidation of the Mughal Empire under Akbar:
**Expansion:**
1. **Military Campaigns:** Akbar conducted numerous military campaigns to expand the empire. Notable conquests include Gujarat (1572), Bengal (1576), Kabul (1581), and Kashmir (1586).
2. **Deccan Campaigns:** He pursued campaigns in the Deccan region, annexing territories like Berar and Ahmednagar. The Deccan Sultanates of Bijapur, Golconda, and Ahmadnagar were brought under Mughal influence.
3. **Rajput Alliances:** Akbar diplomatically married Rajput princesses, forging alliances with influential Rajput rulers. This reduced internal conflicts and expanded Mughal control in Rajasthan.
4. **Administrative Reforms:** Introduced a system of centralized administration, effectively integrating newly acquired territories into the empire. This ensured better governance and revenue collection.
**Consolidation:**
1. **Religious Toleration:** Akbar practiced religious tolerance, promoting harmony among various religious communities. He abolished the jizya (tax on non-Muslims) and encouraged dialogue between different faiths.
2. **Administrative Reforms:** Implemented administrative policies like 'mansabdari system,' where officials were ranked based on their military and administrative skills. This ensured efficient governance and loyalty from officials.
3. **Cultural Synthesis:** Akbar encouraged cultural exchange between different regions, resulting in a unique Indo-Islamic culture. Art, literature, and architecture flourished during his reign, leading to the development of the Mughal school of arts.
4. **Land Revenue System:** Akbar implemented a new revenue system based on the measurement of land, known as Zabt system. This stabilized the revenue collection process and provided economic stability.
5. **Social Reforms:** Undertook social reforms, including measures to improve the condition of women and the abolition of certain unfair taxes, contributing to social harmony and welfare.
These efforts under Akbar's rule greatly expanded and consolidated the Mughal Empire, creating a strong and prosperous state in the Indian subcontinent.
Explanation:
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Expansion of the Mughal Empire under Akbar:
Consolidation of the Mughal Empire under Akbar:
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