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Chemically RNA is similar to DNA, it is a chain of similar monomers. The building blocks are nucleotides containing the 5-carbon sugar ribose, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base. The phosphate is attached to the 5′ carbon of the ribose and the nitrogenous base to the 1′ carbon.
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The structure and function of DNA and RNA in living organisms are fascinating. DNA, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material that carries the instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. It has a double helix structure made up of nucleotides, which contain a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
On the other hand, RNA, or ribonucleic acid, plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. It has a single-stranded structure and is made up of nucleotides with a sugar (ribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). RNA is involved in transferring genetic information from DNA to the protein-making machinery of the cell.
Both DNA and RNA are essential for the functioning and continuity of life. They are like the molecular blueprints that determine the characteristics and traits of living organisms. It's truly remarkable how these molecules contribute to the complexity and diversity of life on Earth!
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