how does split rings reverse the direction of current in a electric motor ?
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Now let's see how this commutator could reverse the current. We, first have a current coming in from the left. The carbon (graphite) brushes the copper and so this current flows to the armature coil. The armature coil rotates. So the commutator in contact with the armature also rotates. The wire on the left side has the current direction same. So the armature keeps on rotating in the same direction.
Once the coil completes half a turn (just ignore we have a commutator), then the forces on the coil will be opposite. So the coil has a tendency to rotate in the opposite direction. But no need of worry. We have the commutator. Once the coil has done a
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rotation, the commutator also makes one. Remember that the current through the coil is dependent on the copper piece contact with the carbon. Here the right copper plate appears on the left side which means the part of coil which was initially right (carrying a current downwards) now appears at the left. The copper plate conduct current from the left. So the current in the coil becomes opposite. Thus the forces again reverse which makes the coil to continue it's rotation along a single direction.
So the commutator reverses the current in every half turn producing a steady torque and the armature coil rotates in a single direction.
I explained up to my best. Hope this helps