In Ostwald's process, why is the ratio of ammonia to air taken as 1:10?
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In Ostwald's process, why is the ratio of ammonia to air taken as 1:10?
In Ostwald's process, why is the ratio of ammonia to air taken as 1:10?
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Answer:
In the Ostwald process, the ratio of ammonia to air is 1:10. This means that one volume of ammonia reacts with ten volumes of air.
The Ostwald process is a chemical process that produces nitric acid. It uses ammonia and oxygen to form nitric oxide and water vapor. The nitric oxide is then oxidized to form nitrogen dioxide, which is absorbed into water to make nitric acid.
The Ostwald process uses a higher ratio of air because it's used in all three steps of the reaction. The oxidation process requires oxygen, which is only 21% of the volume of air. More oxygen increases the production of nitric acid.
The Ostwald process is a mainstay of the modern chemical industry. It provides the main raw material for the most common type of fertilizer production
Explanation:
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Answer:
The stoichiometric ratio would be 4:5, the 1:10 ratio of ammonia to air is a practical choice that balances the requirements of efficiency, safety, and ensuring complete oxidation of ammonia to produce nitric oxide in the Ostwald process.
Explanation:
In the Ostwald process, which is used to produce nitric acid (HNO3) from ammonia (NH3), the ratio of ammonia to air is taken as approximately 1:10 for several reasons:
1. Stoichiometry: The balanced chemical equation for the production of nitric acid from ammonia and air is as follows:
4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O
This equation shows that 4 moles of ammonia (NH3) react with 5 moles of oxygen (O2) from the air to produce 4 moles of nitric oxide (NO) and 6 moles of water (H2O). Therefore, the stoichiometric ratio of ammonia to air is 4:5. However, the practical ratio used is often rounded to 1:10 for simplicity and to ensure that there is an excess of oxygen available for the reaction.
2. Excess Oxygen: Using a 1:10 ratio of ammonia to air ensures that there is an excess of oxygen present in the reaction mixture. This excess of oxygen helps ensure that the ammonia is completely oxidized to form nitric oxide and prevents the formation of undesired byproducts. It also helps maintain the efficiency of the reaction by preventing incomplete oxidation.
3. Safety: Maintaining an excess of oxygen is important for safety reasons. In the presence of an excess of oxygen, any unreacted ammonia is less likely to accumulate, which reduces the risk of ammonia escaping into the environment and posing a safety hazard.
4. Efficiency: Using an excess of air (oxygen) in the reaction can improve the efficiency of the process by promoting the desired oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide while minimizing the formation of by-products.
So, while the stoichiometric ratio would be 4:5, the 1:10 ratio of ammonia to air is a practical choice that balances the requirements of efficiency, safety, and ensuring complete oxidation of ammonia to produce nitric oxide in the Ostwald process.
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