Is kirchoff's thermal radiation law only valid if system is thermal equilibrium with surrounding ?
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Is kirchoff's thermal radiation law only valid if system is thermal equilibrium with surrounding ?
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Kirchhoff's law states that: ... Kirchhoff's law has another corollary: the emissivity cannot exceed one (because the absorptivity cannot, by conservation of energy), so it is not possible to thermally radiate more energy than a black body, at equilibrium