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The stimulus of fertilization not only develops ovules into seeds but also brings about other changes in the flower and even in the inflorescence.
Usually, all the parts of the flower except the ovary wither away. The ovary begins to enlarge simultaneously with the development of the seed and ultimately becomes the fruit. These changes usually involve a copious development of succulent parenchyma within the ovary.
The contents of these parenchyma cells also change. They become charged with vegetable acids, sugars and often different flavoring matters. These changes may also be associated with structural changes within the ovary, viz., a multilocular and multiovular ovary may change into a unilocular and one-seeded one by the dissolution of some partition walls and non-development of some ovules.
On the other hand, a unilocular ovary may become multilocular by the development of false partition walls. If any other part of the inflorescence is incorporated within the fruit that also is enlarged along with the ovary. When ripe, some fruits remain fleshy and pulpy while others dry up becoming papery or stony. The biological need of the fruit is in the protection of the seed forming a case or a vessel round it.
This is the main point where the Angiosperms (angeion=case or vessel) differ from the naked seeded Gymnosperms (gymnos= naked). The second importance of the fruit is in the dispersal of seeds. If a fruit is valued by other animals, naturally it will be carried by them and the seed will get more easily distributed.
The fruit is usually developed by the stimulus of fertilization but cases are know where a fruit may be formed without fertilization. This is called parthenocarpy. Sometimes, the stimulus of pollination (without fertilization) may be enough to cause from formation and sometimes parthenocarpy may be induced by hormones, etc. Parthenocarpic fruits are, necessarily, seedless.
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