What are the tests for phenols and the chemical reactions related to it?
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What are the tests for phenols and the chemical reactions related to it?
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Phenols are compounds with the -OH group directly linked to aromatic nucleus. Pure phenols are colorless solids or liquids, but turn reddish on atmospheric oxidation. They show strong IR absorption band in the range and the C-O stretching bands are observed in region. Phenols are mildly acidic which on reaction with alkali metal hydroxides, form phenoxides. These phenoxides are decomposed by acids, to give back free phenols. Acid used here can be mineral acid, carboxylic acids and also carbonic acid. So, phenols are less acidic than these acids. Phenols are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water, but their salts are soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents.
The acidic character of phenols, greater acidity of carboxylic acids compared to them and solubility of phenoxides in water are all of analytical importance and these ideas are used in detection of phenolic -OH group in compounds and also for its separation and purification.
Phenols are compounds with the -OH group directly linked to aromatic nucleus. Pure phenols are colorless solids or liquids, but turn reddish on atmospheric oxidation. They show strong IR absorption band in the range and the C-O stretching bands are observed in region. Phenols are mildly acidic which on reaction with alkali metal hydroxides, form phenoxides. These phenoxides are decomposed by acids, to give back free phenols. Acid used here can be mineral acid, carboxylic acids and also carbonic acid. So, phenols are less acidic than these acids. Phenols are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water, but their salts are soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents.
The acidic character of phenols, greater acidity of carboxylic acids compared to them and solubility of phenoxides in water are all of analytical importance and these ideas are used in detection of phenolic -OH group in compounds and also for its separation and purification.