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Answer:
Composition of District Administration in India: The district administration in India consists of various components that work together to ensure effective governance and delivery of public services. The key components include:
District Collector/Deputy Commissioner: This is the top administrative officer of the district and is responsible for overall coordination and management of the district administration. The district collector is responsible for law and order, revenue administration, disaster management, and implementation of government policies and programs.
Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM): Each district is divided into several sub-divisions, and an SDM is appointed to oversee each sub-division. The SDM helps the district collector in administrative functions such as revenue collection, law and order, and implementation of government programs. They also have judicial powers and handle various legal matters.
Tehsildar/Revenue Officer: A tehsildar is responsible for revenue administration in the tehsil, which is a smaller administrative unit within the district. They handle land and property-related matters, maintain records, collect revenue, and issue various certificates like domicile, income, etc.
Police Department: The district police, headed by the Superintendent of Police (SP), ensure law and order within the district. They maintain peace, prevent crime, investigate offenses, and provide security to citizens. Police stations, under the supervision of Station House Officers (SHOs), are located in various parts of the district.
District Education Officer: Responsible for the overall administration and supervision of schools and educational institutions within the district. They monitor quality of education, implement government schemes, and coordinate with the state education department.
Health Department: The district health department oversees the functioning of health centers, hospitals, and dispensaries within the district. They ensure the delivery of healthcare services, implement public health programs, and monitor disease control activities.
Functions of District Administration in India: The district administration performs a range of functions to ensure good governance and provide essential public services. Some of the key functions are:
Law and Order: Maintain peace, prevent crime, and ensure the safety and security of citizens within the district.
Revenue Administration: Collect revenue, maintain land records, settle land-related disputes, and monitor agricultural activities.
Public Service Delivery: Ensure efficient delivery of government services like issuance of certificates, social welfare schemes, public distribution system, etc.
Implementation of Government Policies and Programs: Implement various government schemes, including poverty alleviation programs, rural development projects, infrastructure development, education initiatives, and healthcare programs.
Disaster Management: Plan and execute disaster management strategies, coordinate relief operations during natural disasters, and ensure preparedness to handle emergencies.
Electoral Process: Conduct elections at the local, state, and national level, and ensure fair and smooth implementation of the electoral process.
Development Planning: Formulate development plans and strategies for the district, coordinate with various departments, and allocate resources to achieve development goals.
Overall, the district administration plays a crucial role in governance and service delivery at the grassroots level, working towards the welfare and development of the district and its people.
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