what do you mean by endothermic and exothermic reaction?What is meant by republic??A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb is a second-generation nuclear weapon design. Its greater sophistication affords it vastly greater destructive power than first-generation atomic bombs, a more compact size, a lower mass, or a combination of these benefits.
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"I think that it could be an H-bomb test at an unprecedented level, perhaps over the Pacific," North Korea's Foreign Minister Ri Yong Ho told reporters this week during a gathering of the United Nations General Assembly in New York City, according to CBS News. Ri added that, "it is up to our leader.""I think that it could be an H-bomb test at an unprecedented level, perhaps over the Pacific," North Korea's Foreign Minister Ri Yong Ho told reporters this week during a gathering of the United Nations General Assembly in New York City, according to CBS News. Ri added that, "it is up to our leader."
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Hydrogen bombs, or thermonuclear bombs, are more powerful than atomic or "fission" bombs. The difference between thermonuclear bombs and fission bombs begins at the atomic level. [The 10 Greatest Explosions Ever]
Fission bombs, like those used to devastate the Japanese cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima during World War II, work by splitting the nucleus of an atom. When the neutrons, or neutral particles, of the atom's nucleus split, some hit the nuclei of nearby atoms, splitting them, too. The result is a very explosive chain reaction. The bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki exploded with the yield of 15 kilotons and 20 kilotons of TNT, respectively, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists.
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Thermonuclear weapon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A basic diagram of a thermonuclear weapon.
Note: some designs use spherical secondaries.
A) fission primary stage
B) fusion secondary stage
1) High-explosive lenses
2) Uranium-238 ("tamper") lined with beryllium reflector
3) Vacuum ("levitated core")
4) Tritium "boost" gas (blue) within plutonium or uranium hollow core
5) Radiation channel filled with polystyrene foam
6) Uranium ("pusher/tamper")
7) Lithium-6 deuteride (fusion fuel)
8) Plutonium ("spark plug")
9) Radiation case (confines thermal X-rays by reflection)
A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design. Its greater sophistication affords it vastly greater destructive power than first-generation atomic bombs, a more compact size, a lower mass, or a combination of these benefits. Characteristics of nuclear fusion reactions make possible the use of non-fissile depleted uranium as the weapon's main fuel, thus allowing more efficient use of scarce fissile material such as uranium-235 (235
U
) or plutonium-239 (239
Pu
). The first full-scale thermonuclear test was carried out by the United States in 1952; the concept has since been employed by most of the world's nuclear powers in the design of their weapons.[1]
Modern fusion weapons consist essentially of two main components: a nuclear fission primary stage (fueled by 235
U
or 239
Pu
) and a separate nuclear fusion secondary stage containing thermonuclear fuel: the heavy hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium, or in modern weapons lithium deuteride. For this reason, thermonuclear weapons are often colloquially called hydrogen bombs or H-bombs.[note 1]
A fusion explosion begins with the detonation of the fission primary stage. Its temperature soars past approximately 100 million kelvin, causing it to glow intensely with thermal X-rays. These X-rays flood the void (the "radiation channel" often filled with polystyrene foam) between the primary and secondary assemblies placed within an enclosure called a radiation case, which confines the X-ray energy and resists its outward pressure. The distance separating the two assemblies ensures that debris fragments from the fission primary (which move much more slowly than X-ray photons) cannot disassemble the secondary before the fusion explosion runs to completion.
The secondary fusion stage—consisting of outer pusher/tamper, fusion fuel filler and central plutonium spark plug—is imploded by the X-ray energy impinging on its pusher/tamper. This compresses the entire secondary stage and drives up the density of the plutonium spark plug. The density of the plutonium fuel rises to such an extent that the spark plug is driven into a supercritical state, and it begins a nuclear fission chain reaction. The fission products of this chain reaction heat the highly compressed, and thus super dense, thermonuclear fuel surrounding the spark plug to around 300 million kelvin, igniting fusion reactions between fusion fuel nuclei. In modern weapons fueled by lithium deuteride, the fissioning plutonium spark plug also emits free neutrons which collide with lithium nuclei and supply the tritium component of the thermonuclear fuel.
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