what is complex permanent tissue and explain xylem and phloem
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what is complex permanent tissue and explain xylem and phloem
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Explanation:
,•**Complex Permanent Tissue:**
Complex permanent tissues are plant tissues composed of more than one type of cell and are responsible for various specialized functions. Two primary types of complex permanent tissues in plants are xylem and phloem.
1. **Xylem:**
- **Composition:** Xylem is a complex tissue composed of several cell types, including vessel elements, tracheids, fibers, and parenchyma cells.
- **Function:** The primary function of xylem is to transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. It also provides mechanical support to the plant structure.
- **Vessel Elements and Tracheids:** These are elongated cells with lignified walls. Vessel elements are wider and shorter, while tracheids are longer and tapered. Both facilitate water transport.
- **Fibers:** Long, slender cells with thick walls that provide structural support to the plant.
- **Parenchyma Cells:** These are living cells involved in storage and lateral conduction of water.
2. **Phloem:**
- **Composition:** Phloem is also a complex tissue consisting of sieve elements, companion cells, fibers, and parenchyma cells.
- **Function:** Phloem transports organic nutrients, primarily sugars produced through photosynthesis, from the leaves to other parts of the plant. It plays a crucial role in the distribution of food.
- **Sieve Elements:** Comprise sieve tube elements and sieve cells. These cells are involved in the longitudinal conduction of nutrients. Sieve tube elements lack nuclei, and the end walls have sieve plates.
- **Companion Cells:** Adjacent to sieve tube elements, companion cells provide metabolic support and energy for the transport of nutrients.
- **Fibers:** Provide structural support to the phloem tissue.
- **Parenchyma Cells:** Involved in storage and lateral conduction of nutrients.
**Summary:**
In summary, complex permanent tissues like xylem and phloem play vital roles in plant physiology. Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to other plant parts, providing structural support, while phloem transports organic nutrients (mainly sugars) from leaves to the rest of the plant. The various cell types within xylem and phloem work together to ensure the efficient functioning of these tissues, contributing to the overall growth, development, and sustenance of plants.
Explanation:
Xylem and phloem are called complex tissues because: They are composed of more than one type of cells. Xylems are composed of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. Phloem is composed of sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres.
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