Why the orbits away from the nucleus are considered as high energy orbit whereas the electrostatic force of nucleus is more on the orbits which are near to it?
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Why the orbits away from the nucleus are considered as high energy orbit whereas the electrostatic force of nucleus is more on the orbits which are near to it?
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Now , nucleus is positively charged and electron is negatively charged.
Naturally, the electron moves towards the positive charge, no don't need to work on it .
But, if you want to move the electron away from the nucleus to the higher shells , the nucleus will attract it, so you will have to work on it , that work will be stored in it in the form of potential energy .The more you work on it in moving it away from the nucleus the more is potential energy.
Calculating the formula for electric potential energy, it comes to the simple concept :
Where r is the distance between the orbit and the nucleus.
(~) shows proportionality.
We also know that kinetic energy is due to the motion.
As the velocity of electron is greater in the orbit of small radius in order to provide the sufficient centripetal force for the electron.
Therefore kinetic energy of electron is greater near the nucleus, where the orbits are of small radius.
It means when the kinetic energy is greater, the potential energy is small and vice verse . As a result the total energy of the electron remains constant.