working of electric motor and generator(essay type question?
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working of electric motor and generator(essay type question?
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When electric current is passed into the rectangular coil, this current produces a magnetic field around the coil.
The magnetic field of horse shoe-type magnet then interacts with the magnetic field of the coil and causes the coil to rotate continuously.
If ABCD is in horizontal position current from battery enters the coil through brush B _{ 1 }, and commutator half ring C:. The current flows in the direction ABCD and leaves via ring and brush B _{ 2 }
The direction of current is from A to B, the direction of current is from C to D. The force on side AB of the coil is in the downward direction. Whereas the force on the side CD of the coil is in the upward direction. ABCD rotate in anti-clockwise direction.
While rotating when the coil reaches vertical position then the brushes B _{ 1 } and B _{ 2 } will touch the gap between the commutator rings and current to the coil is cut off. But the coil does not stop rotating because it has already gained momentum.
The coil CD comes on the left side and AB comes to the right side. Again they come in contact with brush B _{ 1 }Current direction is reversed.
The reversing of current in the coil is repeated after every half rotation due to which the coil continue to rotate as long as current from the batter is passed through it. The rotating shaft of electric motor can drive a large number of machines which are connected to it.
Generators are basically coils of electric conductors, normally copper wire, that are tightly wound onto a metal core and are mounted to turn around inside an exhibit of large magnets. An electric conductor moves through a magnetic field, the magnetism will interface with the electrons in the conductor to induce a flow of electrical current inside it.
The conductor coil and its core are called the armature, connecting the armature to the shaft of a mechanical power source, for example an motor, the copper conductor can turn at exceptionally increased speed over the magnetic field.
The point when the generator armature first starts to turn, then there is a weak magnetic field in the iron pole shoes. As the armature turns, it starts to raise voltage. Some of this voltage is making on the field windings through the generator regulator. This impressed voltage builds up stronger winding current, raises the strength of the magnetic field. The expanded field produces more voltage in the armature. This, in turn, make more current in the field windings, with a resultant higher armature voltage. At this time the signs of the shoes depended on the direction of flow of current in the field winding. The opposite signs will give current to flow in wrong direction.
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