Write a paragraph about the following topic tradition of miniature painting ( during the medieval period, along with their founders
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Write a paragraph about the following topic tradition of miniature painting ( during the medieval period, along with their founders
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Indian painting
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Indian painting
Clockwise from upper left: Radha (1650), Ajanta fresco (450), Hindu iconography (1710), Shakuntala (1870).
Art forms of India
Indian art
By religion
HinduJainBuddhist
By period
Indus ValleyMauryanGreco-BuddhistKushanGuptaPandyanPallavaCholaIndo-IslamicMughal
By technique
Cave paintingsRock-cut architectureAncient architectureArchitectureSculpturePainting
By location
BhimbetkaMathuraGandharaSanchiBharhutBarabar cavesAjantaKhajuraho
See also
Indian historyIndian cultureAsian artVisual arts portal
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Indian painting has a very long tradition and history in Indian art, though because of the climatic conditions very few early examples survive.[1] The earliest Indian paintings were the rock paintings of prehistoric times, such as the petroglyphs found in places like Bhimbetka rock shelters. Some of the Stone Age rock paintings found among the Bhimbetka rock shelters are approximately 10,000 years old.
India's ancient Buddhist and Hindu literature has many mentions of palaces and other buildings decorated with paintings (chitra),[2] but the paintings of the Ajanta Caves are the most significant of the few ones which survive. Smaller scale painting in manuscripts was probably also practised in this period, though the earliest survivals are from the medieval period.[1] A new style emerged in the Mughal era as a fusion of the Persian miniature with older Indian traditions, and from the 17th century its style was diffused across Indian princely courts of all religions, each developing a local style. Company paintings were made for British clients under the British raj, which from the 19th century also introduced art schools along Western lines. This led to modern Indian painting, which is increasingly returning to its Indian roots.
Performance of Patua Sangeet by a Patua, with a pattachitra scroll to illustrate, Kolkata
Indian paintings can be broadly classified as murals, miniatures and paintings on cloth. Murals are large works executed on the walls of solid structures, as in the Ajanta Caves and the Kailashnath temple. Miniature paintings are executed on a very small scale for books or albums on perishable material such as paper and cloth. Traces of murals, in fresco-like techniques, survive in a number of sites with Indian rock-cut architecture, going back at least 2,000 years, but the 1st and 5th-century remains at the Ajanta Caves are much the most significant.[3]
Paintings on cloth were often produced in a more popular context, often as folk art, used for example by travelling reciters of epic poetry, such as the Bhopas of Rajasthan and Chitrakathi elsewhere, and bought as souvenirs of pilgrimages. Very few survivals are older than about 200 years, but it is clear the traditions are much older. Some regional traditions are still producing works.[4]
Contents
1 Overview of the main genres
2 History of Indian painting
2.1 Prehistoric rock art
2.2 Literature
2.3 Murals
2.4 Pre-11th-century miniature paintings
2.4.1 Eastern India
2.4.2 Western India
2.5 Shadanga of Indian painting
2.6 Early Modern period (1526―1857 CE)
2.6.1 Mughal painting
2.6.2 Deccan painting
2.6.3 Rajput painting
2.6.4 Pahari painting
2.6.5 Malwa and Jaunpur
2.6.6 Mysore painting
2.6.7 Tanjore painting
2.6.8 Pattachitra
2.6.9 Other regional styles
2.7 British Colonial period (1757―1947 CE)
2.7.1 Company style
2.7.2 Early Modern Indian painting
2.7.3 Bengal school
2.7.4 Contextual Modernism
2.8 Post Independence (1947― present)
3 Vernacular Indian Painting
4 Gallery
5 Some notable Indian paintings
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Overview of the main genres
It seems clear that miniature painting, often illustrating manuscripts, has a very long history,[5] but Jain miniatures from about the 12th century, mostly from West India, and slightly earlier Buddhist ones from the Pala Empire in the east are the oldest to survive.[6] Similar Hindu illustrations survive from about the 15th century in the west, and 16th century in East India,[7] by which time the Mughal miniature under Akbar was also sometimes illustrating translations into Persian of the Hindu epics and other subjects.[8]
The great period of Mughal court painting begins with the return of Humayun from exile in Persia 1555, bringing Persian artists with him. It ends during the reign of Aurangzeb who rather disapproved of painting for religious reasons, and disbanded the large imperial workshop, by perhaps 1670. The artists dispersed to smaller princely courts, both Muslim and Hindu, and the "post-Mughal" style developed in many local variants.[9] These included different Rajasthani schools of painting like the Bundi, Kishangarh, Jaipur, Marwar and Mewar. The Ragamala paintings also belong to this school, as does the later Company painting produced for British clients from the mid-18th century.