write a short note on common salt.
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Common Salt [Sodium Chloride (NaCl)]
Common salt is formed by the combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution. It is the salt that we use in food. Sea water contains many salts dissolved in it. It is obtained on large scale from sea water by separating other salts from it. It may also be obtained from rock salt.
Deposits of solid salt are also found in several parts of the world. These large crystals are often brown due to impurities. This is called rock salt. Beds of rock salt were formed when seas of bygone ages dried up. Rock salt is mined like coal.
Common salt is an important raw material for various materials of daily use, like sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda, bleaching powder etc.
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Answer:
Sodium chloride is an ionic compound in which the sodium and chloride ions are in the ratio of 1:1. It is commonly called table salt, common salt or halite (the mineral form of common salt).
It is the salt which is mainly responsible for the salinity of seawater and for the extracellular fluid which is present in many multi-cellular organisms. It finds its application from household to industrial processes. Seawater is a major source of this salt.
Mostly all the chemical compounds which consist of chlorine or sodium are usually derived from salts. It is distributed abundantly in nature. Salt is a major ingredient of the dissolved materials in seawater.
Pure salt can be obtained from mineral halite. Sodium chloride is obtained by mining the deposits and brine solution is obtained by passing water into the deposits. Hence the salts get dissolved then the solution is pumped out.
Evaporation of the seawater is one of the major processes used to obtain salt and is most widely followed in countries like India. The crystals obtained usually consist of impurities such as calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate etc. Pure crystals are obtained by dissolving the salts with little water and filtering the solution.
However, sodium and chlorine respond together to generate a substance that is familiar to nearly everybody around the globe that is sodium chloride, table salt, or common salt.
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s)
1) It is easily soluble in water and partially soluble or insoluble in other liquids.
2) They are white crystals which do not have an odour but possess a taste.
3) In its aqueous state NaCl acts as a good conductor of electricity due to the free movement of the ions.
4) It has a melting point of 801°C and a boiling point of 1,413°C.
It is widely used in food industries as a food preservative and as a flavour enhancer.
It is a major raw material in the industrial manufacturing of various chemicals such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate etc.
This salt is used in glass production.
In cold countries, it is used to prevent the build-up of ice on roads, bridges etc which is important for safe driving conditions.